3D Architecture & Photography

3D computer graphics (in contrast to 2D computer graphics) are graphics that use a three-dimensional representation of geometric data that is stored in the computer for the purposes of performing calculations and rendering 2D images. Such images may be for later display or for real-time viewing. Despite these differences, 3D computer graphics rely on many of the same algorithms as 2D computer vector graphics in the wire frame model and 2D computer raster graphics in the final rendered display. In computer graphics software, the distinction between 2D and 3D is occasionally blurred; 2D applications may use 3D techniques to achieve effects such as lighting, and primarily 3D may use 2D rendering techniques. 3D computer graphics are often referred to as 3D models. Apart from the rendered graphic, the model is contained within the graphical data file. However, there are differences. A 3D model is the mathematical representation of any three-dimensional object (either inanimate or living). A model is not technically a graphic until it is visually displayed. Due to 3D printing, 3D models are not confined to virtual space. A model can be displayed visually as a two-dimensional image through a process called 3D rendering, or used in non-graphical computer simulations and calculations. Time for Prints or Trade for Prints is a term used in many online photography communities describing an arrangement between a model and a photographer. It is often abbreviated TFP. Instead of paying for each other's services, the photographer agrees to provide the model a certain number of prints of the best photographs from the session and a limited license to use those prints, in return for a broad model release. A variant of this arrangement is Time for CD or Trade for CD (TFCD). With TFCD, the selection of images is provided on a CD in lieu of prints. There are no "standard" terms for a TFP/TFCD shoot. Every photographer and model have preferences on how to arrange and execute the shoots. However, the following conventions are common: Model is responsible for wardrobe and makeup expenses. Photographer is responsible for any location permits or studio and equipment rental. Photographer is responsible for any print, CD media, and shipping costs. Each participant is responsible for their own transportation. Photographer will obtain a signed model release to use the photographs for portfolio, art print, or commercial purposes. Model will receive a license to use the photographs for their portfolio, comp card, and online portfolio. The photographer will choose the best photos to retouch and send to the model. The amount of retouching also varies by photographer. The total time to select, retouch, and send the photographs to the model can range from one week to two months. The make-up artist may request a small "kit fee" from the photographer or model to recover makeup costs. Themes and wardrobe requirements are arranged prior to the shoot by telephone, in person, or over email. Some photographers only provide low-resolution photos (for online posting), others provide high-quality photos for printing. The photographer may require that all photographs posted online include a watermark (to deter image theft) and attribution. The model cannot sell the photographs to any web site or submit them to magazine/online contests without permission. If the model is under 18, a parent is usually required to attend the shoot and sign the release. The photographer may have rules about whether the model can bring a guest and how the guest can participate in the shoot. While some professional photographers and models arrange TFP/TFCD shoots for personal projects, these terms are only common among the participants of Internet modeling and photography communities. Instead, commercial and fashion agencies, photographers, and models use a test shoot (also referred to as a "model test" or simply "testing"). Test shoots differ from TFP/TFCD in important ways: They are usually arranged through the model's agency. The model does not sign a model release, but the photographer and model can use the photographs for portfolio purposes. For test shoots to build a model's book, the model generally compensates the photographer, make-up artist, and stylists for their time at a special rate for testing. In some cases, the model's agency may pay for the shoot out of the model's future earnings. For test shoots a photographer arranges to try an idea, the agency may provide the model at no cost in return for some shots for the model's book or feedback on a new model's ability. The styles of photography are generally commercial or editorial print--the same genres the participants shoot for clients. Test shoots are not used for glamour, art nude, casual portraits, or erotic/adult styles, since these offer no benefit to a commercial or fashion m